Jonathan Fisher
August 2025

Water Framework Directive economics 25 years on: From promise to practice – and the case for reform

Two wild swimmers wading into a lake lined with forest

This webinar presents a review of the economic provisions of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) by an informal group of independent European water economists, who in 2000 worked together to develop the Wateco Guidance for the economic analysis for the WFD. It documents their 25 years practical experience with WFD implementation.  

Jonathan Fisher first provides the historical context to the WFD from water policies in the 1980s. He then sets out the economic provisions of the WFD, which was the first EU Directive to incorporate economic analysis and instruments.This is followed by an overview of a SWOT analysis of the implementation of the WFD’s economic provision that provides the basis for recommending specific refinements of the WFD, which can hopefully support water policy reforms. For the EU this could inform the EC Water Resilience Strategy and for England and Wales can support the findings and recommendations of the Cunliffe Independent Water Commission.

Header image: © Dene' Miles via Adobe Stock